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glossary

SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)

What is the SBIR program?

The Small Business Innovation Research program is a federal initiative that funds research and development at small businesses. Agencies above a certain R&D budget are required to set aside a portion of it for SBIR, which means there is a dedicated, recurring pool of funding aimed specifically at small, innovative firms rather than large primes.

The three phases

SBIR works in stages. Phase I funds a small, short feasibility study to test whether an idea is technically sound. Phase II funds the firms that succeeded in Phase I to develop the concept into a prototype or deeper R&D effort, with substantially more money. Phase III is commercialization, where the technology moves toward real use, and it can be funded by non-SBIR dollars or follow-on contracts. The model lets a company prove an idea cheaply before larger investment.

Why it matters to small businesses

SBIR funding is non-dilutive: the government does not take equity in your company in exchange for the award. For a technology firm, that is a rare and valuable thing, a way to fund development and build a federal track record without giving up ownership. Its close cousin, the STTR program, works similarly but requires partnering with a research institution.

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