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glossary

NSN (National Stock Number)

What is a National Stock Number (NSN)?

A National Stock Number is the unique 13-digit identifier the federal government assigns to a standardized item of supply, from a specific bolt to a replacement pump to a medical kit. Once an item has an NSN, every agency can order, stock, and track it by that single number, which is the backbone of how the government manages millions of distinct supply items.

How the number is structured

The 13 digits are not random. The first four make up the Federal Supply Classification group and class, which categorize the type of item. The remaining nine form the National Item Identification Number, which uniquely identifies that specific item, including a code for the country that cataloged it. Together they let logistics systems group like items and pinpoint an exact part.

Why it matters to contractors

If you supply standardized goods, NSNs are both a map and an opportunity. Federal buyers search and order by NSN, so knowing the NSNs that correspond to what you sell tells you exactly what the government buys, how often, and from whom, using award history in systems like SAM.gov and USASpending. Getting your product assigned an NSN can make it far easier for agencies to find and reorder. NSNs frequently appear as line items in a bill of materials.

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